Prevalence of allergic diseases and associated factors among schoolaged children in Shanghai / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To examine the prevalence of allergic diseases in schoolaged children from Shanghai and to explore related factors so as to produce epidemiological data regarding allergic diseases in children.@*Methods@#Multistage cluster sampling was used to carry out the study in Shanghai from April to June 2019. A total of 10 686 children aged 7-12 years from 17 primary schools participated in the survey. The International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC)Scale was used to evaluate allergic diseases. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was performed to analyze the related factors.@*Results@#The overall prevalence of allergic diseases among schoolaged children in Shanghai was 47.0%. A higher prevalence was observed among boys (50.4% vs 43.3% in girls, χ2=54.44, P<0.01). Common allergic diseases included asthma (13.9%), allergic rhinitis (18.2%), and atopic dermatitis (34.3%). The Logistic regression analysis showed that the common risk factors of asthma, allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis included the following:male gender (OR=1.52,1.44,1.22); mother has a bachelors degree or above (OR=1.26,1.77,1.84); family history of allergic diseases (OR=2.87,4.24,2.57); only child (OR=1.16,1.28,1.22); curtain cleaning frequency <1 time/month (OR=1.41,1.79,1.77); room not cleaned daily (OR=1.14,1.18,1.20); and dust exposure frequency ≥1 time/month (OR=1.45,1.56,1.42), all P<0.05. These three types of allergic diseases were also associated with unique risk factors that dependent on socialenvironmentalbehavioral factors.@*Conclusion@#Compared with previous data, the prevalence of allergic diseases among schoolaged children in Shanghai increased significantly in 2019. The related influencing factors involve multiple variables including demographics, environmental exposure and behavior, which warrant further exploration.

Feature of cognitive dysfunction in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy and its clinical influencing factors / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVES@#To comprehensively analyze the characteristics of cognitive impairment of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), and to explore the effects of different lateral patients' cognitive impairment and different clinical factors on cognitive impairment of TLE.@*METHODS@#A total of 84 patients, who met the diagnostic criteria for TLE in the Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, were collected as a patient group, with 36 cases of left TLE and 48 cases of right TLE. A total of 79 healthy volunteers with matching gender, age and education level were selected as a control group. The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), and the scores of Arithmetic Test, Information Test, Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST), Block Design Test (BDT), Hayling Test and Verbal Fluency Test (VFT) of the revised Chinese Adult Wechsler Intelligence scale were retrospectively analyzed in the 2 groups.Multiple regression analysis was used to analyze the relationship between the clinical factors and the cognitive impairment score.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the control group, the TLE patient group had low scores in all neuropsychological tests, with significant difference (all @*CONCLUSIONS@#There are multiple cognitive domain dysfunctions in TLE, including language, short-term memory, long-term memory, attention, working memory, executive function and visual space function. Left TLE has greater impairment of executive function and right TLE has greater damage in working memory. Long pathography of disease, hippocampal sclerosis and a history of febrile convulsions may lead to more severe cognitive impairment. Earlier identification and earlier intervention are needed to improve prognosis of patients.

Spindle assembly checkpoint complex-related genes TTK and MAD2L1 are over-expressed in lung adenocarcinoma: a big data and bioinformatics analysis / 南方医科大学学报

OBJECTIVE@#To screen the key genes related to the prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma through big data analysis and explore their clinical value and potential mechanism.@*METHODS@#We analyzed GSE18842, GSE27262, and GSE33532 gene expression profile data obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Bioinformatics methods were used to screen the differentially expressed genes in lung adenocarcinoma tissues and KEGG and GO enrichment analysis was performed, followed by PPI interaction network analysis, module analysis, differential expression analysis, and prognosis analysis. The expressions of MAD2L1 and TTK by immunohistochemistry were verified in 35 non-small cell lung cancer specimens and paired adjacent tissues.@*RESULTS@#We identified a total of 256 genes that showed significant differential expressions in lung adenocarcinoma, including 66 up-regulated and 190 down-regulated genes. Thirty-two up-regulated core genes were screened by functional analysis, and among them 29 were shown to significantly correlate with a poor prognosis of patients with lung adenocarcinoma. All the 29 genes were highly expressed in lung adenocarcinoma tissues compared with normal lung tissues and were mainly enriched in cell cycle pathways. Seven of these key genes were closely related to the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) complex and responsible for regulating cell behavior in G2/M phase. We selected SAC-related proteins TTK and MAD2L1 to test their expressions in clinical tumor samples, and detected their overexpression in lung adenocarcinoma tissues as compared with the adjacent tissues.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Seven SAC complex-related genes, including TTK and MAD2L1, are overexpressed in lung adenocarcinoma tissues with close correlation with the prognosis of the patients.

Clinical features of anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis and the concomitant seizure / 中南大学学报(医学版)

To investigate the clinical features, auxiliary examination and characteristics for anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (anti-NMDAR) encephalitis and its concomitant seizure.
 Methods: A total of 20 patients diagnosed as anti-NMDAR encephalitis were enrolled from January 2016 to September 2018 in Xiangya Hospital. The data including the clinical features, auxiliary examination, characteristics of seizure, treatment and prognosis were collected. The discharged patients were followed up for half a year.
 Results: The initial symptom in patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis were mainly psychiatric symptom and seizure. Most of the EEG result were diffused slow waves. The mainly type of seizure in patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis showed generalized tonic-clonic seizure. Patients occurred consciousness during the onset of the disease. MRI showed that patients with temporal lobe were more inclined to occur seizure than patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis (P<0.05). After standardized treatment, 20 patients showed a significant improvement in modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores and the seizure was under control within half a year. 
 Conclusion: Patients with temporal lobe affected in MRI should pay attention to the possibility of seizure occurrence. Anti-epileptic drugs and immunotherapy should be used promptly in patient with seizure. After standardized treatment, the prognosis of patients will be mostly good.

Treatment of non-small cell lung cancer with EGFR-TKI / 国际肿瘤学杂志

Epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) are the key to the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC),but there are various drug-resistant mutations in the latter stage.The first and second generation of EGFR-TKIs significantly prolong the survival of patients with EGFR-activated mutant tumors.The third generation of EGFR-TKIs effectively inhibit the progress of T790M mutant tumors.The fourth generation of EGFR-TKIs inhibit both L858R,T790M and L858R,T790M,C797S mutant tumors.Using circulating tumor DNA and exogenous RNA can effectively detect the mutation types of EGFR,and choose EGFR-TKIs therapy or combined chemotherapy according to the mutation types.

Association between single nucleotide polymorphisms of apolipoprotein E gene and epileptic drug resistance / 中华神经科杂志

Objective To investigate the possible association between two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) loci of apolipoprotein E (ApoE) gene and epileptic drug resistance in a central Chinese Han population.Methods A case control study was performed in 364 epileptic patients.According to the criteria of drug resistant epilepsy proposed by International League Against Epilepsy in 2010,143 patients were classified into drug resistant group and 221 patients into drug responsive group.The peripheral venous blood of each patient was collected for DNA extraction after clinical evaluation.The candidate ApoE SNPs loci,including rs7412 and rs769450,were genotyped by BeadChip Scanning and GoldenGate Assay following the Illumina protocols.The differences in allelic and genotypic frequency were compared between groups.Linkage disequilibrium was calculated through SHEsis platform.Results There was no significant difference for genotype or allele of rs7412 between groups.The GG genotype (OR =2.038,95％ CI 1.196-3.475,P=0.009) and G allele (OR =1.618,95％CI 1.193-2.193,P=0.002) of rs7412 were significantly more abundant in the drug resistant group.As for idiopathic epileptic patients,the GG genotype (OR =2.110,95％ CI 1.189-3.744,P =0.011) and G allele (OR =1.641,95％ CI 1.187-2.270,P =0.003) of rs7412 were still significantly more abundant in the drug resistant group.There was no linkage disequilibrium between the two loci with D' value of 0.072.Conclusion The GG genotype and G allele of ApoE rs769450 may be associated with epileptic drug resistance in a central Chinese Han population.

Axonal sprouting of somatostatin positive interneurons in the hippocampus in epileptic rats / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the axonal sprouting of somatostatin(SS) positive interneurons in temporal lobe epilepsy.@*METHODS@#6-8 week-old healthy male SD rats were divided randomly into an epileptic group (treated by lithium and pilocarpine intraperitoneal injection) and a control group (by lithium and normal sodium intraperitoneal injection). Each group was randomly divided into 5 subgroups at 1,7,15,30, amd 60 d after the injection. Immunohistochemistry method was used to detect the number changes of SS or neuronal nuclei (NeuN) positive neurons in different domains of the hippocampus at different time points in each group, and the coexpression of SS positive interneurons combined with NeuN was detected by double immunofluorescence to observe the dynamic changes and axonal sprouting of SS positive interneurons.@*RESULTS@#The number of SS neurons in the experimental group exceeded that in the control group in the CA1 area at 60 d post-status epileptieus SE (P<0.01), and numerous SS positive fibers were seen throughout the layers of the CAl area at 60 d post-SE. NeuN positive neurons in the stratum oriens and stratum radiatum layers in the initiation site of the CA1 area were beyond normal at 60 d post-SE. The number of double labeled SS interneurons gradually rose at 15 d in stratum oriens of CA1, and even exceeded that of the controls in the stratum oriens and stratum radiatum layers of CA1 at 60 d.@*CONCLUSION@#The numerous SS positive fibers throughout the layers of the CAl area at 60 d post-SE come from the increased interneurons in the stratum oriens and stratum radiatum layers of CA1 area. The pathological axonal sprouting may play an important role in the generation and compensation of temporal lobe epilepsy.

Changes in the numbers and distribution of calretinin in the epileptic rat hippocampus

To examine calretinin [CR]-containing interneurons that degenerate in the hippocampus in post status epilepticus [SE] rats at different time points. This study was conducted at the Central South University, Xiangya Hospital, Hunan Province, P.R. China between September 2008 and January 2010. Pilocarpine-induced SE was chosen as a model to generate chronic epileptic rats. To determine whether hippocampal neuronal populations are affected by hippocampal seizures, immunohistochemical assays were performed in brain sections obtained from age-matched control [n=50] and epileptic rats [n=170]. Nissl stain was used to observe pathological changes of the hippocampus. Our results revealed the most dramatic cell loss to be in the hilar, cornu Ammonis [CA]1, and CA3 areas in the epileptic rats. Quantitative analysis revealed significant differences between control and epileptic rats in the number of CR-positive interneurons. These interneurons were distributed in the hilar, CA1, and CA3 areas and in the dentate gyrus of both control and epileptic rats, but was more numerous in the hippocampus of normal rats. However, a transient increase of CR-positive interneurons was observed in the CA1 between 7 and 15 days post SE. The CR interneurons were mostly located in the hilar and CA1 for epileptic rats, and in the hilus for control rats. Our data suggest that a different proportion of inhibitory interneurons was observed in the epileptic rat hippocampus, as their numbers differ from controls. These results indicate that the inhibitory circuits in the hippocampus may represent a compensatory response with a role to balance the enhanced excitatory input in the region

Number changes and axonal sprouting of neuropeptide Y interneurons in the hippocampus of pilocarpine-induced rats / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the role of neuropeptide Y(NPY) positive interneurons in the generation and compensation of temporal lobe epilepsy.@*METHODS@#Pilocarpine-induced rat model was founded. Immunohistochemistry was used to observe the number changes and axonal sprouting of NPY interneurons at different time points in the hippocampus of rats.@*RESULTS@#After lithium-chloride and pilocarpine administration, 92.9% rats were induced status epilepticus (SE) successfully, and the mortality rate was 19.2%. In the experimental group, the number of NPY positive neurons decreased in the hilus of the hippocampus, and was least on 7 d after the SE (P0.05) except the loss of them in CA3 area on 7 d after the SE (P>0.05). Increased NPY positive fibers could be seen in the molecular layer of the dentate gyrus on 30 d after the SE.@*CONCLUSION@#NPY interneurons have different sensitivities to the injuries induced by seizures at different time points and domains. Loss of NPY interneurons plays an important role in the generation of temporal lobe epilepsy, while axonal sprouting of them may play a significant role in the compensation of temporal lobe epilepsy.

Number changes and axonal sprouting of somatostatin positive interneurons in the hippocampus of pilocarpine-induced epileptic rats / 中华神经科杂志

Objective To investigate the roles of somatostatin(SS)positive intemeurons in the development and compensation of temporal lobe epilepsy.Methods Piloearpine-induced epilepsy rat model was established.Immunohistochemistry method was used to detect number changes and axonal sprouting of SS positive intemeurons in different domains of the hippocampus at difierent time points.Degeneration of SS positive interneurons and their neurophils were detected by the double immunofluorescence staining with SS and Fluoro-Jade B(FJB)at 7 and 60 days after status epilepticus (SE).Results In the exoerimental rat group,the number of SS positive neurons decreased in each hippocampal domain,and it reached the lowest at 7 days post-SE(There were 11.1±3.3 in hilus,2.8±0.9 in CA1region and 1.8±0.7 in CA1region,t=13.519,9.644 and 8.808,all P<0.01).In chronic phase,the number of SS neurons gradually recovered,and exceeded the control group in CA1 area at 60 days post-SE(12.8±1.5 vs 8.8±1.3,t=-4.506,P<0.01),however,the number of SS neurons in the hilus(25.5±4.6)and CA1 area(4.8±0.8)remained significantly less than normal levels(t value were 4.691 and 3.953.both P<0.01).Increased SS positive fibers were found in the lacunosum-molecular (1m)layer and outer molecular layer of dentate gyrus after 30 days post-SE,and numerous SS positive fibers were seen threnghout the layers of area CA1 at 60 days post-SE.Double immunofluuorescence revealed that a few SS positive interneurons and fibers were also labeled by FJB in area CA1 at 7 days post-SE and in CA domain/hilus at 60 days post-SE.Conclusions SS intemeurons loss plays an important role in the development of temporal lobe epilepsy.The loss is partially caIlsed by the degeneration and death of neurons;SS positive neurophils increase within area CA1 in chronic phase may play a significant role in the generation and compensation of temporal lobe epilepsy.

Comparison between solitary and multiple intracranial tuberculoma

To compare and analyze the clinical, radiological, and pathological features of solitary or/and multiple CNS tuberculomas [CNSTs]. The study was conducted at Central South University, First Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China between 1998-2008. Forty-two subjects with diagnosed CNSTs were compared and analyzed by multiple or solitary lesions seen on enhanced MRI. The final diagnosis of tuberculomas was confirmed by histopathology. From the 42 subjects, 64.3% multiple CNSTs were observed, out of which, 55.6% were with meningitis and 44.4% without meningitis. Of the CNSTs, solitary lesions were present in 35.7%, 80% of which were without meningeal involvement, and 20% with meningeal involvement. In multiple CNSTs, 55.6% were noncaseating granulomas, and 74.1% caseating granulomas with a solid center, while in solitary CNSTs, 80% were caseating granulomas with a solid center. For multiple lesions, temporal lobe, frontal lobe, cerebella, and brain stem were predilection sites. While for solitary lesions, apical lobe, and cerebellum were predilection sites. The histopathological features were the same in all multiple and solitary lesions. Multiple CNSTs are more often associated with meningitis, while solitary CNSTs particularly occur with less or atypical clinical manifestation. Difference in the predilection sites between multiple and solitary CNSTs were observed